Terrain 2021 avec Mélodie, Magalie, Raphaël et Adrien

Les abeilles sauvages sont sous les projecteurs ! La collection de Dynafor est impliquée dans un projet de barcoding (gène CO1) des abeilles sauvages à l'échelle nationale et pour cela les portraits de nos amis pollinisateurs sont nécessaires.

 Comment voyez-vous l'avenir?

Discussion avec Jean Jouzel, avec la participation de Jean-Michel Teulière (ABC de la biodiversité communale), Marc Deconchat (INRAE Toulouse sur les interactions forêts et agriculture), Laurent Castaignède (auteur de Airvore sur transports et énergies) débat animé par Laurent Gervereau (Nuage Vert)      

 Le recensement des oiseaux nicheurs continue...

Voilà quelques nouvelles fraîches du recensement des oiseaux en cours dans les Coteaux de Gascogne. Au moins 59% des points sont déjà réalisés

Dynafor au colloque ESP-Europe (Ecosystem services partnership) de Tartu

Participation à distance au colloque européen qui rassemblait près de 250 participants, avec une communication et un poster.

Colloque international "Transitions 2021 - Les transitions écologiques en transactions et actions"

Du 21 au 25 juin 2021, le colloque T2021 aura lieu en WEBINAIRE. Sur le sujet des transitions écologiques, les exposés des chercheurs, entreprises, associations, collectivités, pourront ainsi être largement partagés et donner lieu à des échanges interdisciplinaires et multiacteurs !Dynafor participe à cet évènement./

Une collection HAL pour Dynafor

L'ensemble des productions de Dynafor sont rassemblées dans l'archive ouverte HAL proposée par INRAE. Dynafor a maintenant une collection qui lui est propre et qui vous donnera une vue exhaustive et synthétique, actualisée au fur et à mesure des dépôts, de l'ensemble des productions de Dynafor. Vous pouvez la consulter ici et vous abonner à ses mises à jours:

Bat responses to changes in forest composition and prey abundance depend on landscape matrix and stand structure.

Froidevaux, J.S.P., Barbaro, L., Vinet, O. et al.  

Sci Rep 11, 10586 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89660-z <img style="border:0px none !important;width:16px !important;height:16px !important;margin-left:1px !important;margin-right:1px !important"> 

Abstract:

Despite the key importance of the landscape matrix for bats, we still not fully understand how the effect of forest composition interacts at combined stand and landscape scales to shape bat communities. In addition, we lack detailed knowledge on the effects of local habitat structure on bat-prey relationships in forested landscapes. We tested the assumptions that (i) forest composition has interacting effects on bats between stand and landscape scales; and (ii) stand structure mediates prey abundance effects on bat activity. Our results indicated that in conifer-dominated landscapes (> 80% of coniferous forests) bat activity was higher in stands with a higher proportion of deciduous trees while bats were less active in stands with a higher proportion of deciduous trees in mixed forest landscapes (~ 50% of deciduous forests). Moth abundance was selected in the best models for six among nine bat species. The positive effect of moth abundance on Barbastella barbastellus was mediated by vegetation clutter, with dense understory cover likely reducing prey accessibility. Altogether, our findings deepen our understanding of the ecological processes affecting bats in forest landscapes and strengthen the need to consider both landscape context and trophic linkage when assessing the effects of stand-scale compositional and structural attributes on bats.

Co-occurrence patterns of tree-related microhabitats: A method to simplify routine monitoring

Larrieu, L.; Cabanettes, A. ; Courbaud, B. ; Goulard, M. ; Heintz, W. ; Kozák, D. ; Kraus, D. ; Lachat, T. ; Ladet, S. ; Müller, J. ; Paillet, Y. ; Schuck, A. ; Stillhard, J. ; Svoboda, M. <img style="border:0px none !important;width:16px !important;height:16px !important;margin-left:1px !important;margin-right:1px !important"> 

Ecological Indicators. 127. 107757. 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107757 <img style="border:0px none !important;width:16px !important;height:16px !important;margin-left:1px !important;margin-right:1px !important"> <img style="border:0px none !important;width:16px !important;height:16px !important;margin-left:1px !important;margin-right:1px !important">

Abstract:

A Tree-related Microhabitat (TreM) is a distinct, well-delineated morphological singularity occurring on living or standing dead trees, which constitutes a crucial substrate or life site for various species. TreMs are widely recognized as key features for biodiversity. Current TreM typology identifies 47 TreM types according to their morphology and their associated taxa. In order to provide a range of resolutions and make the typology more user-friendly, these 47 TreM types have been pooled into 15 groups and seven forms. Depending on the accuracy required and the time available, a user can now choose to describe TreMs at resolution levels corresponding to type, group or form. Another way to more easily record TreMs during routine management work would be to use co-occurrence patterns to reduce the number of observed TreMs required. Based on a large international TreM database (2052 plots; 70,958 individual trees; 78 tree species), we evaluated both the significance and the magnitude of TreM co-occurrence on living trees for 11 TreM groups. We highlighted 33 significant co-occurrences for broadleaves and nine for conifers. Bark loss, rot hole, crack and polypore had the highest number of positive co-occurrences (N = 8) with other TreMs on broadleaves; bark loss (N = 4) had the highest number for conifers. We found mutually exclusive occurrences only for conifers: Exposed Heartwood excluded both dendrotelm and sap run. Among the four variables we tested for their positive contribution to significant co-occurrences, tree diameter at breast height was the most consistent. Based on our results and practical considerations, we selected three TreM groups for broadleaves, and nine for conifers, and formed useful short lists to reduce the number of TreM groups to assess during routine forest management work in the field. In addition, detecting potential similarities or associations between TreMs has potential theoretical value, e.g. it may help researchers identify common factors favouring TreM formation or help managers select trees with multiple TreMs as candidates for retention.

Simulating seasonal drivers of aphid dynamics to explore agronomic scenarios

Thierry, H., Monteil, C., Parry, H., and Vialatte, A.. <img style="border:0px none !important;width:16px !important;height:16px !important;margin-left:1px !important;margin-right:1px !important"> 

Ecosphere 12( 5):e03533. 10.1002/ecs2.3533 <img style="border:0px none !important;width:16px !important;height:16px !important;margin-left:1px !important;margin-right:1px !important"><img style="border:0px none !important;width:16px !important;height:16px !important;margin-left:1px !important;margin-right:1px !important">

Abstract:

With the regulation of pesticides in European agricultural landscapes, it is important to understand how pest populations respond to climate and landscape variables in the absence of pesticides at different spatial–temporal scales. While models have described individual biological processes, few have simulated complete life cycles at such scales. We developed a spatially explicit simulation model of the dynamics of the bird cherry–oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) in a pesticide-free simulated landscape using data from an agricultural landscape located in southwest France. Using GLMMs, we ran two statistical methods, one at the crop level, focusing on aphid densities within each crop individually (wheat and its regrowth, corn, and sorghum), and another at the landscape level where aphid densities were not differentiated by crops. For each season, we analyzed how temperature, immigration, and habitat availability impacted on aphid densities. Predictors of aphid densities varied between crops and between seasons, and models for each individual crop resulted in better predictions of aphid densities than landscape-level models. Aphid immigration and temperature were important predictors of aphid densities across models but varied in the directionality of their effects. Moreover, landscape composition was a significant predictor in only four of the nine seasonal crop models. This highlights the complexity of pest–landscape interactions and the necessity of considering fine spatial–temporal scales to identify key factors that influence aphid densities, essential for developing future regulation methods. We used our model to explore the potential effects of two agronomic scenarios on aphid densities: (1) replacement of corn with sorghum, where increases in available sorghum led to the dilution of aphid populations in sorghum in spring and their concentration in summer, and (2) abandonment of pastures for wheat fields, which had no significant effect on aphid densities at the landscape scale. By simulating potential future agronomic practices, we can identify the risks of such changes and inform policy and decision-makers to better anticipate pest dynamics in the absence of pesticides. This approach can be applied to other systems where agronomic and land cover data are available, and to other pest species for which biological processes are described in the literature.

La science de la durabilité : aperçu d'un paysage scientifique engagé

Par Julien Blanco et Clémence Moreau (UMR Sens, IRD Montpellier)

Découverte ludique des dendromicrohabitats

Par Laurent Larrieu

Analyse environnementale du centre Occitanie-Toulouse

Par Julien Melilli (stagiaireCommission Locale Développement Durable, Inrae)

Encourager la diversité de gestion en forêt

Par Rémi Duflot (post-doctorant University of Jyväskylä, Finland).

Paysages cotonniers et des pratiques sur 2 ravageurs.

Par Marion Haramboure (post-doctorante UPR AIDA, CIRAD)

 La FN CUMA, TRAME et le réseau CIVAM s’associent avec une dizaine de chercheurs pour demander un fort soutien aux collectifs agricoles dans la prochaine Politique agricole commune (PAC)  

 Le GDR Labos 1point5 est ouvert aux inscriptions. Inédit en Europe, ce groupement de recherche est dédié à l’analyse et la réduction de l’empreinte carbone de la recherche au niveau national, il est soutenu par le CNRS, INRAE et l’ADEME. 

 Agnotologie : pour en savoir plus sur l’ignorance

Webinaire INRAE Lundi 28 juin 2021 - 13h30-15h00 -